The indicator is an impact indicatorand expresses the average amount of precipitation per unit area in a time series.

The annual precipitation per unit area in our country is about 574 mm. In 2020 (01 January–31 December), an average precipitation of 500 mm was recorded. Annual precipitation nationwide was down percent 12.9 from normal and  percent 14.5 from the previous year. 2008 was the driest year in the last 40 years, and 2020 was the sixth year with the lowest precipitation.

In 2020, more than 1000 mm of precipitation fell in the coastal areas of Rize and Artvin from the eastern parts of Giresun and Trabzon, while the precipitation in all of Central Anatolia, Denizli, Afyonkarahisar, Gümüşhane, north of Erzurum, Şanlıurfa, south of Gaziantep, western parts of Malatya, east of Van and Ağrı, and Iğdır were between 200 and 400 mm. As for the precipitation in the whole province, Kırıkkale received the least with 272 mm and Rize received the most with 1710 mm. The provinces of Amasya, Çorum, Kırıkkale and Kırşehir provinces received the least precipitation in the last 40 years.

As for extreme precipitation, 2020 was a year of precipitation records. The highest precipitation in one day was 272.6 mm in Rize Çayeli Bakır İşletmeleri on 14.07.2020. It was calculated that the repetition period of the current precipitation is more than 200 years, and at the same time this amount of precipitation was registered as the new daily maximum precipitation record in Turkey for the month of July ^[24].

GRAPH 16- ANNUAL AREAL PRECIPITATION IN TURKEY (mm)

Source: The Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change, Turkish State Meteorological Service; 2021

According to the drought analysis performed with the SPI method for Turkey in general between 1981 and 2020, the number of dry years under 40 years is 11. The year 2008 was the driest year on record, and this year was exceptionally dry. 16 years were normal and 13 years were wet. 2009 was the wettest year on record with exceptional moisture. The year 2020 was moderately dry^[25].

GRAPH 17- GENERAL DROUGHT ANALYSIS IN TURKEY BETWEEN 1981-2020

Source: The Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change, Turkish State Meteorological Service; 2021