This indicator is a driving force indicator and plays a role in transport-related environmental impacts. In domestic passenger transport, the share of air transport increased from 1.8% in 2000 to 8.3% in 2019; in the same period, the share of road transport decreased from 95.9% to 90.1% and that of rail transport from 2.2% to 1.3%. The share of maritime passenger transport was 0.30% in 2019. The target is to reduce the share of domestic passenger transport by road (in passenger/km) to 76% by the end of 2023.^[78].

Looking at domestic freight transportation in 2019, it can be seen that highways once again dominate with 91.9%. In 2019, it can be observed that the shares of railways and maritime transport in domestic freight transport have decreased compared to 2000.

GRAPH 107- DOMESTIC PASSENGER TRANSPORT RATIOS ((% rate on passenger-km)*

GRAPH 108- DOMESTIC FREIGHT RATIOS ((% rate over Tonnes-km)**

Sources: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, General Directorate of the Turkish State Railways Notes: 1) Urban transport was not included in passenger transport.

2. Data on freight and passenger transport on the road network under the responsibility of the of Directorate General for State Highways were considered.
3. Marmaray and suburban transport are not included in rail passenger data. Only TCDD A.Ş. Outline data are retrieved.
4. Data on domestic freight and domestic passenger transportation between our airports belonging to the General Directorate of the State Airports Authority were considered. There is no data for the cells left blank.
5. It is the passenger-km value of passengers carried in cabotage and the tonne-km value of cargoes.

*Passenger/Km: Unit of measure of traffic resulting from the transportation of one passenger over one kilometer.

**Ton/Km: Unit of measure of traffic resulting from the transport of one ton of goods over a distance of one kilometer.

GRAPH 81- DOMESTIC TRANSPORT OF FREIGHT AND PASSENGER ACCORDING TO TRANSPORT PATHS

Sources: Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure, General Directorate of the Turkish State Railways Notes: 1) Urban transport was not included in passenger transport.

1. 2. Data on freight and passenger transport on the road network under the responsibility of the of Directorate General for State Highways were considered.
   3. Data on freight and passenger transport belonging to the General Directorate of the Turkish State Railways were considered. Data on suburban passenger transport were not considered.
   4. Data on domestic freight and domestic passenger transportation between our airports belonging to the General Directorate of the State Airports Authority were considered. There is no data for the cells left blank.
   5. Data on freight and passenger transports was taken into account on the cabotage line of the General Directorate of the Maritime Trade were taken into account. The value given as Ton-Miles was converted to Ton-Km, the value given as Passenger-Miles was converted to Passenger-Km.

*Passenger/Km: Unit of measure of traffic resulting from the transportation of one passenger over one kilometer.

**Ton/Km: Unit of measure of traffic resulting from the transport of one ton of goods over a distance of one kilometer

From the point of view of environmental compatibility, rail should be preferred to road transport. In addition to the expansion of the rail network, effective utilization is also an important concern. Although the utilization rate of rail freight increased to 75% in 2013, it decreased to 51% in 2018.

GRAPH 110-CAPACITY UTILISATION OF FREIGHT TRANSPORT BY RAIL (%)

Source: For 1990-2016, data of Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure: 2017-2018 data of General Directorate of the Turkish State Railways Administration; Turkish State Railways Transportation Co.

NOTE: Since 2017, data on freight transport are only transport data in the area of the General Directorate of TCDD Transportation Co. Data from other railway train operations hasn’t been included.