Total environmental production expenditures are directly related to countries’ environmental performance and economic prosperity. Environmental expenditures appear as a response indicator for the protection of environmental values.

Environmental protection expenditures increased by 1.2% in 2019 compared to the previous year, reaching a total of 38.4 billion TL. 57.8% of environmental protection expenditures were made by financial and non-financial companies, 34.2% by general government and non-profit organizations serving households, and 8% by households.

Of the environmental protection expenditure, 46.3% was spent on waste management, 37.8% on wastewater management, 4.8% on biodiversity and landscape conservation, 3.8% on soil,underground and surfacewaterprotection andwaterqualityimprovement, and 7.3% on other environmental protection expenditure ^[10].

In the EU-27 countries, private and public expenditures on environmental protection as a percentage of gross domestic product was 2.0% in 2020 ^[11].

GRAPH 10- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EXPENDITURE BY DOMAINS, (2013-2019)

Source: TURKSTAT, “Environmental Protection Expenditure Statistics, 2019”

(1) Includes environmental education activities, indivisible activities, and activities not otherwise specified.