This indicator is a pressure indicator. The contribution of transport to climate change and the distribution of this contribution by mode are important for monitoring and controlling emissions.

According to TURKSTAT’s greenhouse gas emission inventory data, in 2019, Turkey’s total greenhouse gas emissions in 2019 amount to 506.1 million tons of CO₂ equivalent. In 2017, transportation-related emissions accounted for 84,659 kilotons of CO₂ equivalent of total greenhouse gas emissions, while this amount accounts for 80,745 kilotons of CO₂ equivalent of totalemissions in 2019. While transport-related emissions accounted for 12.8% of total greenhouse gas emissions in 1990, this figure increased to 16% in 2019.

According to TURKSTAT’s greenhouse gas emission inventory data for 2019, 93% of CO2 emissions from transport came from road transport, 4.3% from air transport, 1.5% from maritime transport, 0.4% from rail transport, and 0.7% from other modes of transport.

Looking at the situation in the EU-28 countries, 23,2% of the total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU-28 in 2019 came from transport (emissions from international aviation and emissions from the sea were not included) ^[79].

GRAPH 111- GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY MODE OF TRANSPORT

TABLE 29- GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY MODE OF TRANSPOR (kilotons CO₂ equivalent)

Source: TURKSTAT, 2021